BLUF
Aerospace innovation surged in 2025. New sensors, materials, propulsion, and space missions reshaped how humans observe, travel, and operate above Earth—improving efficiency, speed, and access while accelerating the shift toward commercial and cooperative exploration.Learning Outcomes
- Recognise how incremental technologies—materials, sensors, and propulsion—can deliver strategic effects without platform redesign.
- Understand the growing role of commercial and international partnerships in space and aerospace capability development.
- Apply lessons from civilian innovation cycles to capability planning, sustainment, and future force design.
