BLUF
Europe’s defence spending has sharply increased—driven mainly by Germany—now exceeding 21 percent of global totals in 2025, amid responses to Russian aggression, reduced U.S. security support, and rising military investment across multiple regions.Learning Outcomes
- Explain the key drivers behind Europe’s rising defence spending in 2024–2025.
- Analyse global defence spending trends by comparing regional changes, particularly in Europe, Russia, the Middle East, and China.
- Evaluate the challenges NATO members face in meeting future defence spending targets.
