BLUF
EU leaders in Copenhagen pledged stronger responses to Russia’s hybrid attacks. Denmark and allies will reinforce air defences, support a “drone wall,” and invest long-term in defence industries to counter Russian pressure.Learning Outcomes:
- Analyse how hybrid threats, such as drone incursions and airspace violations, test EU and NATO cohesion and deterrence credibility.
- Evaluate the effectiveness and limitations of proposed initiatives like the “drone wall” and “Eastern Flank Watch” in strengthening Europe’s security architecture.
- Assess the implications of EU defence industrial investment, joint procurement, and NATO cooperation for long-term European resilience against Russian coercion.
