BLUF
Oil scarcity fears have shifted to demand uncertainty. Weak climate follow-through risks an abrupt supply peak, with the potential to leave governments exposed to volatile energy shocks, rising prices, and disruptive economic adjustment.Learning Outcomes
- Understand how energy dependence creates strategic risk beyond environmental policy.
- Recognise how delayed transitions can drive instability through sudden supply shocks.
- Apply lessons on resource decline and policy gaps to long-term national resilience planning.
