Long program cycles and fragmented knowledge risk repeated mistakes—an institutional memory system could preserve lessons, strengthen accountability, and improve outcomes while ensuring future shipbuilding avoids costly failures. NASA shows systematic learning prevents disasters.

Using NATO’s measures, Australia is already spending nearly 2.8 percent ($69 Billion) if Defence pensions are included. Different accounting rules for equipment purchases also effect the percentages. Percentages alone don’t guarantee capability or outcomes however.

China holds broad regional influence while the US remains strong only in select partnerships—the Philippines and Singapore. Southeast Asian nations show multipolar dynamics, not a simple two-power contest. Australia’s strengths are diplomacy and defence.

Lanthanum, a rare earth element critical to refining JP-8 jet fuel, underpins US and NATO military operations. China controls most global supply, posing a strategic vulnerability that could constrain fuel production in a crisis.

NATO and U.S. aircrew are warned against employment with aviation firms supporting the People’s Republic of China. Such work compromises tactics, techniques, and security; and may carry severe legal penalties under U.S. and allied laws.

The rules-based maritime order is deteriorating as major nations flout agreements, threatening global trade and security. The maritime industry may need to coordinate collective standards to safeguard ocean safety and commerce.

Current US Senate policy fixes a 28,500-troop floor for US forces in Korea, but this legacy number lacks strategic rationale. A requirements-based model would better align USFK posture with operational needs and broader Indo-Pacific priorities.

China’s overseas port investments are less a coordinated strategic master plan and more a patchwork shaped by rivalries, commercial interests, and host-nation agency; limiting Beijing’s direct control and complicating assumptions about its naval power projection.

Generative AI can rapidly support military decision-making; but without embedded tactical-level evaluation and benchmarking, its outputs risk drifting into error. Instituting a ‘quality assurance sentinel’ ensures AI reliability, operational integrity, and trust in mission-critical intelligence.

Russia’s attempt to retain Ukrainian territory challenges a long-standing global norm—rejecting land seizure after war—and risks weakening international stability if territorial conquest becomes acceptable again. The UN Charter prohibits forceful territorial acquisition.