BLUF
North Korea uses shadow fleets to evade UN sanctions by disabling or falsifying ship-tracking signals. Vast oceans, limited enforcement, and legal restrictions on intercepting ships allow these tactics. Also adopted by Russia and Iran.Learning Outcomes
- Explain how North Korea uses shadow fleets and maritime deception tactics to evade international sanctions.
- Analyse the challenges of monitoring and enforcing sanctions at sea, including the effects of vast ocean spaces, legal constraints, and the costs of interdiction operations.
- Evaluate the broader implications of sanction-evasion strategies and how similar tactics have been adopted by other countries such as Russia and Iran.
