BLUF
The 2026 conflict with Afghanistan escalated after Pakistan struck suspected TTP and ISIS-K camps, prompting Taliban retaliation. Despite decades of bring allies, the two nations exchanged attacks, raising questions about deteriorating relations and prospects for reconciliation.Learning Outcomes
- Describe the key events that led to the escalation of hostilities between Pakistan and Afghanistan in 2026.
- Analyse the role of militant groups, particularly the Tehreek-e-Taliban Pakistan (TTP) and Islamic State Khorasan Province (ISKP), in shaping Afghanistan-Pakistan security relations.
- Evaluate the strategic, political, and diplomatic factors contributing to the breakdown of the long-standing Pakistan-Taliban relationship.
