BLUF
Undersea volcanic eruptions account for more than three-quarters of all volcanism on Earth, but rarely do we see the impacts.Summary
- An exception was the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai eruption of 2022.
- Its explosion broke the ocean surface and punched through the stratosphere.
- Effects included supercharged lighting and an atmospheric shock wave.
- The eruption caused dramatic changes to ocean nutrient and oxygen levels.