BLUF
The rejection came as Russia intensified attacks on Ukrainian ports, shipping, and regional infrastructure. The article argues that stronger Ukrainian air defences, closer allied support, and enhanced regional cooperation are needed to deter Russian aggression.Learning Outcomes
- Analyse the strategic and security challenges in the Black Sea region, including Russia’s attacks on civilian shipping, ports, and critical maritime infrastructure.
- Explain how Ukraine has used innovative naval technologies, including uncrewed and AI-enabled systems, to challenge Russian sea control despite limited conventional naval capabilities.
- Evaluate the role of NATO, regional partners, and international cooperation in strengthening deterrence, enhancing maritime security, and protecting critical infrastructure in the Black Sea.
