BLUF
Tonga, Vanuatu and Samoa have large Chinese debts- rarely forgiven. Rising repayment costs—linked to earlier loans—place pressure on budgets and test diplomatic ties and political stability. Australia supported Tonga with $85 million. Learning Outcomes
• Recognise the impact of strategic relationships on regional stability – The article explains how China's lending practices affect political and economic conditions across the Pacific.
• Apply critical thinking to national security decision-making – It encourages readers to assess how debt dynamics may influence diplomatic leverage and regional influence.
• Understand key inputs to capability and force structure – Australia's financial support to Tonga highlights how economic tools can shape national resilience and partnerships.
