BLUF
Preparedness can fail when organisations focus too heavily on familiar scenarios, reducing ability to recognise and respond when pressure emerges in unexpected forms—as demonstrated by Singapore’s 1942 planning which overlooked vulnerable landward defensive approaches.Learning Outcomes
- Critical Thinking and Judgement — the article highlights how institutional assumptions can narrow decision-making and reduce adaptability during rapidly changing situations.
- Strategic Awareness — the article explains how organisations can become overly focused on one threat while missing broader competitive pressures across the Indo-Pacific.
- Professional Development — the article encourages reflective assessment of exercises, planning assumptions, and organisational readiness practices.
