BLUF
Probiotic supplementation improves cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults, enhancing memory, processing speed, and spatial reasoning. Benefits are narrower in children and young adults, suggesting age-dependent effects along the gut-brain axis.Learning Outcomes
- Explain how probiotic supplementation can support cognitive performance across different age groups, with strongest effects in older adults.
- Describe potential biological mechanisms, including inflammation reduction, neurotransmitter production, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor modulation.
- Apply evidence-based strategies for supporting brain health through diet, probiotics, and lifestyle interventions across the lifespan.
