BLUF

A 1907 study showing Allied navies attacking Constantinople forcing Turkey out of the war was unfeasible but, ignored in 1915.

Summary

  1. Facing elete units from the Turkish army and their best commanders.
  2. Turkish mobile howitzer batteries and sea mines underestimated.
  3. Second fiddle to the Western Front.
  4. Allied forces under-resourced.
  5. Allied commanders not effective.

References