BLUF
The Treaty commits both nations to mutual consultation when either country is threatened and builds on last year’s defence cooperation agreement. Leaders emphasised trust, friendship, and regional stability. To be signed formally in Jakarta in January.Learning Outcomes:
• Understand how bilateral security treaties strengthen regional stability and mutual trust.
• Recognise the strategic value of consultation mechanisms during regional crises.
• Evaluate how sustained defence partnerships build long-term resilience and preparedness in the Indo-Pacific.
